Swine influenza virus is common throughout pig populations worldwide. If transmission does cause human influenza, it is called zoonotic swine flu.
What is swine flu (novel H1N1 influenza A swine flu)?
Swine flu produces most of the same symptoms in pigs as human flu produces in people. Why is swine flu (H1N1) now infecting humans?
A human (or bird) influenza virus can infect a pig respiratory cell at the same time as a swine influenza virus; some of the replicating RNA strands from the human virus can get mistakenly enclosed inside the enveloped swine influenza virus. For example, one cell could contain eight swine flu and eight human flu RNA segments. The total number of RNA types in one cell would be 16; four swine and four human flu RNA segments could be incorporated into one particle, making a viable eight RNA segmented flu virus from the 16 available segment types. It is even possible to include RNA strands from birds, swine, and human influenza viruses into one virus if a cell becomes infected with all three types of influenza (for example, two bird flu, three swine flu, and three human flu RNA segments to produce a viable eight-segment new type of flu viral genome). Pigs can pick these viruses up from the environment and seem to be the major way that bird flu virus RNA segments enter the mammalian flu virus population.
If you've got fever, cough, or one of the other symptoms of the flu, you may be wondering if you have contracted the H1N1 swine flu virus. Experts recommend that people who suspect that they have H1N1 infection stay home and avoid contact with other people. The only time you should leave home is to access medical care if needed. The following groups of people are at higher risk for complications and should talk to their health-care practitioner if they develop symptoms of the flu:
People 65 and older
blood disorders (including sickle cell disease);
heart disease;
kidney disorders;
liver disorders;
weakened immune systems (including people with AIDS).
In children
fast breathing or trouble breathing,
flu-like symptoms improve but then return with fever and worse cough,
fever with a rash.
In summary, most people who get the H1N1 swine flu virus will have a mild flu-like illness that does not require a doctor's visit or antiviral medications.
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